Glossary // Glossary term Theoretical
Avoidance learning
Learning to perform behaviours that prevent or end an anticipated aversive outcome. Two-factor theory proposed that fear is first acquired and avoidance is then reinforced by the reduction of fear; later models add expectancies and goal-directed processes. Because successful avoidance prevents disconfirmation, it can maintain fear that would otherwise diminish. Why relief can keep a problem going: negative reinforcement, avoidance learning from two-factor theory to inhibitory learning, and experiential avoidance, with the evidence, its limits and why avoidance is not always maladaptive. The works the definition rests on, with the level of evidence each was appraised at. (1951). Two-factor learning theory: Summary and comment. doi:10.1037/h0058956 Supports the historical claim that Mowrer set out two-factor learning theory. No abstract is available; substantive statements about the theory rest on Krypotos et al. (2015). (2015). Avoidance learning: A review of theoretical models and recent developments. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00189 Supports claims about past and contemporary theories of how adaptive and maladaptive avoidance is acquired and maintained and their clinical implications. Narrative review; the underlying experiments are largely laboratory fear-conditioning studies.Where the site uses it
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