Theory 02
Gross's process model sorts regulation strategies by when they act on an emotion, and the extended model adds how strategies are chosen. This essay explains both, the evidence on strategy effects, and where venting and reappraisal sit.
Theory 03
Appraisal theories hold that emotions follow from evaluations of what events mean for a person. This essay covers Lazarus, Scherer's component process model, the evidence and its limits, and why appraisal is the mechanism reappraisal targets.
Question 05
Reappraisal, self-distancing and naming the feeling have the best experimental support as alternatives to venting. Each has a small-to-medium average effect, each depends on context, and none of them is a treatment.
Advice 01 · Meta-analytic
Cognitive reappraisal, reconsidering what a situation means, changes emotional experience more reliably than suppressing it or dwelling on it. How to practise it and when it is not the right tool.