Studies // Cited work
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Level D Cross-sectional study doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
What this study supports
Supports the claim that the PANAS scales were highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated and stable over a two-month period. Psychometric evidence about the scales, not about the accuracy of any individual report.
- Who was studied
- Development and validation samples for two 10-item mood scales; the abstract does not state the sample sizes.
- Design
- Cross-sectional study
- Level of evidence
- Cross-sectional, observational, qualitative work and narrative reviews.
Claims that rest on it
Each claim states what the site asserts, at what strength, and with what caveat.
TechnicalLevel DConfidence HIGH
Brief self-report instruments can measure consistently: the two 10-item PANAS scales were highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated and stable over two months, and the three-judgement Self-Assessment Manikin correlated highly with an 18-rating semantic differential for pleasure and arousal.
- Scope
- Research instruments for self-reported affect.
- Caveat
- Reliability and agreement between rating methods show consistent measurement, not that a report is accurate about bodily change or about why a feeling arose.
Last reviewed · Review due · measuring-self-report-scale-properties