Studies // Cited work

Concreteness training reduces dysphoria: Proof-of-principle for repeated cognitive bias modification in depression

Watkins, E. R., Baeyens, C. B., & Read, R. (2009). Concreteness training reduces dysphoria: Proof-of-principle for repeated cognitive bias modification in depression.

Level B Experiment doi:10.1037/a0013642

What this study supports

Supports the claim that concreteness training reduced depressive symptoms more than both controls and rumination more than the waiting list. A small proof-of-principle trial in a non-clinical dysphoric sample.

Who was studied
60 participants with dysphoria randomly allocated to concreteness training, bogus training or a waiting list.
Design
Experiment
Level of evidence
Controlled studies: randomised or experimental designs, and syntheses of correlational work.

Claims that rest on it

Each claim states what the site asserts, at what strength, and with what caveat.

EmpiricalLevel BConfidence MODERATE

Training people to think more concretely reduced depressive symptoms and rumination in a randomised trial in dysphoria, and in a Phase II trial in major depression it improved symptoms when added to usual care but not more than relaxation training, while reducing rumination more.

Scope
Structured concreteness training in adults with dysphoria or major depression.
Caveat
Small and Phase II trials from one research group; the self-help steps on this site follow the principle but are not the tested programme.

Last reviewed · Review due · advice-concreteness-training