Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease

Sources

• Sterling, P., & Eyer, J. (1988). Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology.

  Level E Book

  Supports the historical claim that the term allostasis was introduced in this chapter. No abstract or DOI is available; the chapter is cited only for the origin of the term.

• Sterling, P. (2012). Allostasis: A model of predictive regulation. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.004

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that allostasis was proposed as predictive regulation, anticipating needs rather than correcting errors by feedback. A theoretical argument whose contrast with homeostasis is disputed.

• McEwen, B. S., & Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease. doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004

  Level D Review

  Supports the claim that allostatic load was defined as the cost of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine responses. A conceptual review, not a systematic synthesis.

• McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307

  Level D Review

  Supports the claim that stress mediators protect acutely and contribute to damage when chronically activated or poorly terminated. An influential conceptual review; the allostatic load construct remains debated in measurement.