The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework

Sources

• Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. doi:10.1080/074811899201046

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that the model describes oscillation between loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping, including respite from grieving, as adaptive, and that it was proposed in response to criticism of the grief work hypothesis. A model with discussed but not pooled empirical support.

• Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Boerner, K. (2010). Continuing bonds in adaptation to bereavement: Toward theoretical integration. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.007

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that whether continuing or relinquishing bonds is adaptive remained unclear in the literature and that an attachment-based model was proposed to predict when bonds help. Theory, not a test.

• Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework. doi:10.1177/1088868317734944

  Level D Review

  Supports the conceptual claim that rituals have been proposed to regulate emotions, performance goal states and social connection through bottom-up and top-down processes. A framework that generates predictions, not a test of them.

Sources

• Collins, R. (2004). Interaction ritual chains. doi:10.1515/9781400851744

  Level E Book

  Supports the claim that Collins proposed that successful interaction rituals create symbols of membership and emotional energy while failed rituals drain it. Theory built on microsociological observation, not a quantitative test.

• Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework. doi:10.1177/1088868317734944

  Level D Review

  Supports the conceptual claim that rituals have been proposed to regulate emotions, performance goal states and social connection through bottom-up and top-down processes. A framework that generates predictions, not a test of them.

• Durkheim, É. (1912). Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The elementary forms of religious life].

  Level E Classical text

  Supports historical claims that Durkheim described collective religious ritual as producing heightened shared emotion and renewed attachment to the group. It makes no measured claim, and its ethnographic sources are dated.