Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Reed, J., & Ones, D. S. (2006). The effect of acute aerobic exercise on positive activated affect: A meta-analysis. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.11.003

  Level A Meta-analysis

  Cited for the claim that acute aerobic exercise increases positive activated affect in the short term. The number and designs of included studies were not re-verified from an abstract, so claims relying on it are held at moderate confidence.

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.

• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x

  Level D Review

  Supports the claims that rumination predicts the onset of depression and is associated with several psychopathologies, and that positive distraction relieves depressed mood experimentally. Narrative synthesis of mixed designs.

• McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307

  Level D Review

  Supports the claim that stress mediators protect acutely and contribute to damage when chronically activated or poorly terminated. An influential conceptual review; the allostatic load construct remains debated in measurement.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.

• Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim that a majority chose to repeat the longer trial that ended less painfully, consistent with peak and end effects. A single paradigm of mild physical discomfort.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. H. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement.

  Level D Theory

  Supports the statement that the model describes learning as an error-correcting update, in which each trial changes associative strength in proportion to the difference between what the outcome can support and what has already been learned. It concerns Pavlovian conditioning; applying its form to instrumental relief-seeking is an analogy. No abstract is available for this book chapter, so the appraisal rests on the standard description of the model.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. doi:10.1002/jclp.20400

  Level D Review

  Supports the claims that experiential avoidance may be implicated in various forms of psychopathology and that the construct lacks theoretical integration and clear operationalisation. The reviewed studies are mostly correlational.