Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes

Sources

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.

• Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim that a majority chose to repeat the longer trial that ended less painfully, consistent with peak and end effects. A single paradigm of mild physical discomfort.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Reed, J., & Ones, D. S. (2006). The effect of acute aerobic exercise on positive activated affect: A meta-analysis. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.11.003

  Level A Meta-analysis

  Cited for the claim that acute aerobic exercise increases positive activated affect in the short term. The number and designs of included studies were not re-verified from an abstract, so claims relying on it are held at moderate confidence.

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.

• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x

  Level D Review

  Supports the claims that rumination predicts the onset of depression and is associated with several psychopathologies, and that positive distraction relieves depressed mood experimentally. Narrative synthesis of mixed designs.

• McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307

  Level D Review

  Supports the claim that stress mediators protect acutely and contribute to damage when chronically activated or poorly terminated. An influential conceptual review; the allostatic load construct remains debated in measurement.

Sources

• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

  Level D Theory

  Supports the claim that experiential avoidance was proposed as a process common to many psychological difficulties. A theoretical argument drawing on diverse research, not a direct test.

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.

• Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim that a majority chose to repeat the longer trial that ended less painfully, consistent with peak and end effects. A single paradigm of mild physical discomfort.

Sources

• Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim that a majority chose to repeat the longer trial that ended less painfully, consistent with peak and end effects. A single paradigm of mild physical discomfort.

• Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45

  Level B Experiment

  Supports the claim of duration neglect: retrospective evaluations were little affected by duration. Film clips in the laboratory, not real-life episodes.