Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The elementary forms of religious life]

Sources

• Páez, D., Rimé, B., Basabe, N., Wlodarczyk, A., & Zumeta, L. (2015). Psychosocial effects of perceived emotional synchrony in collective gatherings. doi:10.1037/pspi0000014

  Level C Longitudinal study

  Supports the claim that participation was associated with stronger collective identity, social integration, efficacy and positive affect, mediated by perceived emotional synchrony. Graded C because most outcomes come from correlational and semi-longitudinal designs; the abstract does not describe the experimental manipulation.

• Pizarro, J. J., Zumeta, L. N., Bouchat, P., Włodarczyk, A., Rimé, B., Basabe, N., Amutio, A., & Páez, D. (2022). Emotional processes, collective behavior, and social movements: A meta-analytic review of collective effervescence outcomes during collective gatherings and demonstrations. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974683

  Level D Meta-analysis

  Supports the claim that collective effervescence is associated with self-transcendent emotions, group identity, social integration, wellbeing and collective efficacy. The pooled studies are mainly correlational, so associations are not evidence that gatherings cause these outcomes.

• Durkheim, É. (1912). Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The elementary forms of religious life].

  Level E Classical text

  Supports historical claims that Durkheim described collective religious ritual as producing heightened shared emotion and renewed attachment to the group. It makes no measured claim, and its ethnographic sources are dated.

Sources

• Collins, R. (2004). Interaction ritual chains. doi:10.1515/9781400851744

  Level E Book

  Supports the claim that Collins proposed that successful interaction rituals create symbols of membership and emotional energy while failed rituals drain it. Theory built on microsociological observation, not a quantitative test.

• Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework. doi:10.1177/1088868317734944

  Level D Review

  Supports the conceptual claim that rituals have been proposed to regulate emotions, performance goal states and social connection through bottom-up and top-down processes. A framework that generates predictions, not a test of them.

• Durkheim, É. (1912). Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The elementary forms of religious life].

  Level E Classical text

  Supports historical claims that Durkheim described collective religious ritual as producing heightened shared emotion and renewed attachment to the group. It makes no measured claim, and its ethnographic sources are dated.