Studies // Cited work
Measuring emotion: The Self-Assessment Manikin and the semantic differential
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The Self-Assessment Manikin and the semantic differential.
Level D Cross-sectional study doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
What this study supports
Supports the claim that the three-judgement Self-Assessment Manikin correlated highly with an 18-rating semantic differential for pleasure and arousal. A comparison of rating methods: agreement between instruments, not validity against another channel.
- Who was studied
- Participants rating pictures that varied in affective valence and intensity with two instruments; the abstract does not state the sample size.
- Design
- Cross-sectional study
- Level of evidence
- Cross-sectional, observational, qualitative work and narrative reviews.
Claims that rest on it
Each claim states what the site asserts, at what strength, and with what caveat.
TechnicalLevel DConfidence HIGH
Brief self-report instruments can measure consistently: the two 10-item PANAS scales were highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated and stable over two months, and the three-judgement Self-Assessment Manikin correlated highly with an 18-rating semantic differential for pleasure and arousal.
- Scope
- Research instruments for self-reported affect.
- Caveat
- Reliability and agreement between rating methods show consistent measurement, not that a report is accurate about bodily change or about why a feeling arose.
Last reviewed · Review due · measuring-self-report-scale-properties